Wireless simulation is considered as an interesting and challenging process. We have all leading technologies and huge back up team to support your work, share with us all your ideas to provide you top services. To carry out wireless simulation through the utilization of NS2, we offer a detailed instruction in a clear manner:   

Setting Up NS2

1. Install NS2:

• Utilize package managers or authorized websites to download and install NS2 for your operating system.
• Make sure all required components are installed on your system

2. Verify Installation:

• To check the installation, execute a basic simulation script.

Fundamental Components of an NS2 Wireless Simulation

1. TCL Script:

• Generally, the NS2 simulation is performed by TCL (Tool Command Language) scripts.
• The parameters like traffic, nodes, network topology must be specified in the script.

2. Network Topology:

• Encompassing the total count of nodes and location, describe the wireless network topology.

3. Traffic Model:

• The variety of traffic has to be defined, including TCP, UDP, or Constant Bit Rate (CBR).

4. Mobility Model:

• In the case of simulating a mobile wireless network, describe the node motion patterns.

Sample TCL Script for Wireless Simulation

For a fundamental wireless simulation in NS2, we recommend a sample TCL script

 # Define the number of nodes

 set val(nn) 5             ;# number of nodes

# Define simulation parameters

set val(x) 500            ;# x dimension of the topography

set val(y) 500            ;# y dimension of the topography

set val(stop) 10.0        ;# simulation time

# Load the necessary libraries

load “lib/ns2/libns-mobilenode.so”

# Initialize the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define the network topology

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Create the trace file

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Create the nam file

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile $val(x) $val(y)

# Define the node movement model

$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSDV \

                 -llType LL \

                 -macType Mac/802_11 \

                 -ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

                 -ifqLen 50 \

                 -antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

                 -propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

                 -phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \

                 -topoInstance $topo \

                 -agentTrace ON \

                 -routerTrace ON \

                 -macTrace ON

# Create nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {

    set node_($i) [$ns node]

    $node_($i) random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion

}

# Define node positions

$node_(0) set X_ 100.0

$node_(0) set Y_ 100.0

$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0

$node_(1) set X_ 200.0

$node_(1) set Y_ 200.0

$node_(1) set Z_ 0.0

$node_(2) set X_ 300.0

$node_(2) set Y_ 300.0

$node_(2) set Z_ 0.0

$node_(3) set X_ 400.0

$node_(3) set Y_ 400.0

$node_(3) set Z_ 0.0

$node_(4) set X_ 500.0

$node_(4) set Y_ 500.0

$node_(4) set Z_ 0.0

# Define a UDP connection between nodes

set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp0

set null0 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null0

$ns connect $udp0 $null0

set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr0 set packetSize_ 1000

$cbr0 set interval_ 0.01

$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0

# Schedule events

$ns at 1.0 “$cbr0 start”

$ns at $val(stop) “$cbr0 stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “exit 0”

# Define the stop procedure

proc stop {} {

    global ns tracefile namfile

    $ns flush-trace

    close $tracefile

    close $namfile

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Procedures to execute the Simulation

1. Save the Script:

• The above TCL script must be saved to a file, for instance, wireless simulation.tcl.

2. Run the Script:

• Direct to the file which includes the script after opening a terminal.
• By the use of NS2 command, the script should be executed.

                   ns wireless_simulation.tcl

Examine the Results:

• A NAM file (out. Nam) and a trace file (out.tr) will be generated through simulation.
• To visualize the simulation, utilize the NAM (Network Animator) tool.

nam out.nam

What are some ideas for a computer networking Graduation project?

        Computer networking is a rapidly evolving and intriguing domain. We offer various concepts for computer networking which encloses several applications and topics and also suitable for graduation projects: 

1. Network Security Projects
   • Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning:

• To identify possible intrusions and abnormalities in a network, create a machine learning-related system.
• The various methods such as Random Forest, SVM and Deep learning approaches have to be compared.
  • Secure Network Communication Using Blockchain:
• To assure safe and reliable interaction among network nodes, utilize blockchain mechanisms.
• Various aspects such as data integrity and decentralized authentication must be considered.
  • Implementation of Zero Trust Architecture:
• For a network, a zero trust security model has to be modeled and applied.
• In obstructing lateral motion and illicit access, examine its efficiency.

2. Network Performance Optimization
   • QoS in Software-Defined Networks (SDN):

• In an SDN platform, use the Quality of service (QoS) technologies.
• On network credibility and performance, examine the implications.
  • Load Balancing in Cloud Networks:
• To improve performance and resource usage in cloud networks, create a load balancing method.
• With the previous load balancing approaches, compare the currently developed method.  
  • Network Traffic Analysis Using Big Data:
• To examine network traffic trends, utilize big data analytics tools.
• Network traffic patterns have to be detected. On the basis of obtained perceptions, enhance the network performance.

3. Wireless Networking Projects

3.1 Implementation of a Wireless Mesh Network:

• For a particular application (for instance: rural connectivity, disaster recovery), model and employ a wireless mesh network.
• Based on latency, coverage, and throughput, examine its performance.

 3.2 Security Protocols for IoT Devices:

• Specifically for IoT devices in a wireless network, create and assess lightweight safety protocols.
• It is important to consider authentication, safer data sharing, and encryption.
  • Energy-Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs):
• For WSNs, an energy-effective protocol has to be developed.
• In minimizing energy utilization and expanding network lifespan, estimate its efficiency.

4. Network Automation and Management
   • Automated Network Configuration Management:

• By use of tools such as Chef, Puppet, or Ansible, build a tool for automated network arrangement and handling.
• Concentrate on enhancing effectiveness and minimizing manual error.

4.2 Self-Healing Networks Using AI:

• To identify and rectify problems in an automatic manner, develop a self-healing network by applying AI mechanisms.
• On network credibility and availability, examine its effects.

4.3 SDN Controller for Dynamic Network Management:

• In order to handle and improve network resources in a dynamic way, construct an SDN controller.
• Various characteristics such as load balancing, fault tolerance and automated traffic routing must be applied.

5. Cloud and Edge Computing Projects
   • Secure Data Storage in the Cloud:

• For safer data storage in the cloud, apply access control and encryption techniques.
• On safety and performance, analyze the possible implications.
  • Edge Computing for Latency-Sensitive Applications:
• To facilitate latency-sensitive applications such as actual-time evaluation or autonomous vehicles, create an edge computing system.
• With classical cloud computing, compare the performance of this system.
  • Hybrid Cloud Networking:
• By combining on-site infrastructures with cloud services, build and utilize a hybrid cloud networking system.
• Concentrate on various factors such as performance enhancement, safety and appropriate data sharing.

6. Advanced Networking Technologies
   • Network Function Virtualization (NFV):

• In order to virtualize network functions such as load balancers, firewalls, and intrusion detection frameworks, use NFV.
• In the context of cost minimization and adaptability, the advantages should be analyzed.
  • 5G Network Slicing:
• To assign resources dynamically in terms of utilization needs, create a network slicing technologies for 5G networks.
• On user experience and network effectiveness, examine its effects.
  • Visible Light Communication (VLC) Systems:
• For data sharing with LED lights, create and apply a VLC system.
• By comparing with conventional wireless interaction, examine its efficiency as a supplementary mechanism.

7. Network Protocol Development and Analysis
   • Development of a New Routing Protocol:

• Particularly for various network necessities such as energy effectiveness and extending mobility, develop and utilize a novel routing protocol.
• By comparing with previous protocols, test and examine its performance.
  • Protocol Optimization for High-Speed Networks:
• For low-latency and high-speed interaction, enhance previous network protocols.
• It is crucial to enhance throughput and minimize overhead.

8. Networking Tools and Applications
   • Development of a Network Monitoring Tool:

• For actual-time network track and evaluation, a robust tool must be developed.
• It comprises characteristics such as alerting, traffic visualization, and reporting.

8.2 Implementation of a Network Simulation Platform:

• To design and test various network protocols and settings, create a simulation environment.
• Consider various aspects such as accessibility and scalability.