High Impact Factor Hardware and Architecture Journals

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Performance analysis in Hardware and Architecture focuses on evaluating the efficiency, scalability, and effectiveness of computing hardware and architectural designs. It plays a key role in optimizing systems, improving performance, and ensuring hardware meets the demands of modern software applications and workloads. This field includes a variety of components such as processors, memory systems, interconnects, and storage devices, and evaluates their ability to handle complex computations, large data sets, and high-performance applications.

Processor Performance Evaluation

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Performance

Clock Speed and Throughput: Evaluating the processing power of CPUs based on clock speed, execution throughput, and the number of instructions processed per cycle (IPC). Metrics include MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second), GHz (Gigahertz), and latency.
Multi-Core and Parallel Processing: Assessing multi-core processors and their ability to handle parallel workloads. Key metrics include core scalability, thread efficiency, and parallel execution performance.
Cache Efficiency: Analyzing cache hierarchy and its impact on performance. This includes evaluating cache hit rate, cache miss penalties, and L1/L2 cache efficiency.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Performance

Compute Throughput and Parallelism: Assessing the parallel processing capability of GPUs, which are designed for massive data parallelism. Key performance metrics include floating point operations per second (FLOPS), memory bandwidth, and thread concurrency.
GPU Architecture and Memory Bandwidth: Evaluating the impact of memory bandwidth and the architecture of GPUs on tasks like machine learning and graphics rendering. Metrics include memory throughput, GPU utilization, and latency.
Power Efficiency: Measuring the power consumption of GPUs in relation to their performance, especially in high-demand applications like deep learning. Metrics include performance per watt, energy efficiency, and thermal management.

Memory and Storage Performance

Random Access Memory (RAM) Performance

Latency and Bandwidth: Evaluating RAM performance in terms of latency (time to access a memory location) and bandwidth (data transfer rate). Key metrics include read/write speed, data transfer rate, and memory access time.
Memory Capacity and Scalability: Assessing how well the memory system scales with increasing system demands. Metrics include memory size, scalability, and cost per GB.

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and Storage

Solid-State Drives (SSD) and Hard Disk Drives (HDD): Performance analysis of storage devices such as SSDs and HDDs in terms of data read/write speed, IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second), latency, and endurance.
NVMe and Flash Storage Performance: Evaluating the performance of Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) storage devices, which offer faster data throughput than traditional SSDs. Metrics include read/write throughput, latency, and cost-efficiency.
Storage Hierarchy and Caching: Assessing the performance of different storage levels (e.g., cache, main memory, and persistent storage) and their ability to manage data efficiently across various storage systems. Metrics include data access time, hit/miss ratio, and data locality.

Interconnect and Network Performance

Bus and Interconnect Architecture

Interconnect Bandwidth and Latency: Evaluating the performance of system buses, memory interconnects, and high-speed links (e.g., PCIe). Key metrics include data transfer speed, latency, and bandwidth utilization.
Crossbar Switches and Network-on-Chip (NoC): Performance analysis of on-chip communication systems like NoC and crossbar switches that interconnect processors and memory. Metrics include latency, scalability, and power efficiency.

Network Interface and Communication

Ethernet and Wi-Fi Performance: Evaluating network interface cards (NICs) for wired and wireless communication. Metrics include throughput, latency, packet loss rate, and congestion handling.
Bandwidth and Data Flow Control: Assessing the ability of hardware to manage data flow and ensure efficient bandwidth utilization. Metrics include quality of service (QoS), data transfer rate, and protocol overhead.

Power and Thermal Management

Energy Efficiency

Power Consumption Analysis: Evaluating the power consumption of processors, memory, and storage subsystems under different workloads. Key metrics include power per operation, performance per watt, and idle power consumption.
Thermal Management: Analyzing the cooling solutions of hardware systems, such as heat sinks, fans, and liquid cooling. Metrics include thermal resistance, operating temperature range, and cooling efficiency.

Green Computing and Sustainability

Eco-friendly Hardware Design: Assessing hardware components designed for low power consumption and minimal environmental impact. Metrics include energy efficiency ratings, carbon footprint, and recyclability of components.
Sustainable Practices in Hardware Development: Performance analysis of hardware systems designed with sustainability in mind, including green data centers and energy-efficient server farms. Metrics include power usage effectiveness (PUE), sustainability score, and life-cycle analysis.

Specialized Hardware and Architectures

Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)

Performance in Specialized Tasks: Evaluating ASICs designed for specific tasks such as cryptography, machine learning, or video processing. Key metrics include task-specific performance, power consumption, and throughput.
ASIC vs. FPGA: Performance comparison between ASICs and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for specialized applications. Metrics include flexibility, speed, and cost efficiency.

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)

Reconfigurable Hardware Performance: Assessing the performance of FPGAs, which offer flexible hardware architectures that can be reprogrammed for specific applications. Key metrics include reconfiguration time, processing speed, and hardware utilization.
FPGA vs. GPU/CPU for Parallel Processing: Comparing the performance of FPGAs, GPUs, and CPUs for parallel tasks in terms of throughput, power efficiency, and latency.

System Architecture and Scalability

Cloud and Distributed Computing

Server Architecture and Virtualization: Analyzing the performance of cloud servers and virtual machines in a distributed architecture. Metrics include load balancing, scalability, and resource allocation.
Scalability in Data Centers: Assessing the scalability of data centers in handling large workloads. Key metrics include server utilization, data throughput, and network latency.

High-Performance Computing (HPC)

Cluster Architecture and Supercomputers: Evaluating the performance of HPC clusters used for scientific computing and simulations. Key performance metrics include flops, throughput, scalability, and fault tolerance.
Parallel Computing Architectures: Performance analysis of hardware designed for parallel computing, such as multi-core processors and cluster systems. Metrics include parallel execution efficiency, scalability, and speedup.

Benchmarking and Performance Testing Tools

Benchmarking Tools

SPEC (Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation) Benchmarks: A suite of benchmarks for evaluating CPU, memory, and storage performance. Commonly used for high-performance computing, enterprise servers, and cloud infrastructure.
PassMark, Cinebench, and Geekbench: Consumer-level benchmarking tools for evaluating general-purpose CPU and GPU performance. Metrics include single-threaded performance, multi-threaded performance, and gaming performance.
EnergyStar and EPEAT: Tools for measuring the energy efficiency of consumer hardware, including power consumption and environmental impact.

Performance Profiling and Analysis Tools

Intel VTune Amplifier, GNU gprof, and Valgrind: Tools for profiling hardware performance in applications, focusing on CPU utilization, memory access patterns, and code optimization.
Hardware Performance Counters: Using low-level counters such as cache misses, branch mispredictions, and CPU cycles to evaluate hardware performance under specific workloads.

S.no	Title	Subject Area	Print ISSN
1.	Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory	Hardware and Architecture	1569190X
2.	Formal Methods in System Design	Hardware and Architecture	9259856
3.	Future Generation Computer Systems	Hardware and Architecture	0167739X
4.	IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems	Hardware and Architecture	10638210
5.	Information Systems	Hardware and Architecture	3064379
6.	Journal of Systems Architecture	Hardware and Architecture	13837621
7.	Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing	Hardware and Architecture	9236082
8.	Journal of Information Science and Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	10162364
9.	Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems	Hardware and Architecture	10609857
10.	International Journal of Human Computer Studies	Hardware and Architecture	10715819
11.	Machine Vision and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	9328092
12.	Distributed and Parallel Databases	Hardware and Architecture	9268782
13.	Computer Physics Communications	Hardware and Architecture	104655
14.	Journal of Database Management	Hardware and Architecture	10638016
15.	VLDB Journal	Hardware and Architecture	10668888
16.	International Journal of Information Technology and Management	Hardware and Architecture	14614111
17.	World Wide Web	Hardware and Architecture	1386145X
18.	Journal of Manufacturing Systems	Hardware and Architecture	2786125
19.	IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems	Hardware and Architecture	9168532
20.	IEEE Micro	Hardware and Architecture	2721732
21.	International Journal of Computers and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	1206212X
22.	Microprocessors and Microsystems	Hardware and Architecture	1419331
23.	New Generation Computing	Hardware and Architecture	2883635
24.	International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology	Hardware and Architecture	14761289
25.	Knowledge and Information Systems	Hardware and Architecture	2191377
26.	Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal	Hardware and Architecture	162523
27.	Integration, the VLSI Journal	Hardware and Architecture	1679260
28.	Advanced Robotics	Hardware and Architecture	1691864
29.	International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications	Hardware and Architecture	10943420
30.	Journal of Systems and Software	Hardware and Architecture	1641212
31.	International Journal of Wireless Information Networks	Hardware and Architecture	10689605
32.	Operating Systems Review (ACM)	Hardware and Architecture	1635980
33.	International Journal of Modelling and Simulation	Hardware and Architecture	2286203
34.	Systems Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	10981241
35.	Performance Evaluation	Hardware and Architecture	1665316
36.	Personal and Ubiquitous Computing	Hardware and Architecture	16174909
37.	Journal of the ACM	Hardware and Architecture	45411
38.	Computing and Informatics	Hardware and Architecture	13359150
39.	Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines	Hardware and Architecture	13892576
40.	Computer Standards and Interfaces	Hardware and Architecture	9205489
41.	Journal of Intelligent Information Systems	Hardware and Architecture	9259902
42.	Neural Network World	Hardware and Architecture	12100552
43.	Distributed Computing	Hardware and Architecture	1782770
44.	IEEE Transactions on Computers	Hardware and Architecture	189340
45.	IT Professional	Hardware and Architecture	15209202
46.	Displays	Hardware and Architecture	1419382
47.	Design Automation for Embedded Systems	Hardware and Architecture	9295585
48.	IEEE Multimedia	Hardware and Architecture	1070986X
49.	Information Display	Hardware and Architecture	3620972
50.	Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing	Hardware and Architecture	9251030
51.	Journal of Logic and Computation	Hardware and Architecture	0955792X
52.	Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing	Hardware and Architecture	7437315
53.	Journal of Supercomputing	Hardware and Architecture	9208542
54.	Multimedia Systems	Hardware and Architecture	9424962
55.	Multimedia Tools and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	13807501
56.	Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers	Hardware and Architecture	2181266
57.	IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems	Hardware and Architecture	10459219
58.	Information Fusion	Hardware and Architecture	15662535
59.	Proceedings – International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems	Hardware and Architecture	10636927
60.	Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques – Conference Proceedings, PACT	Hardware and Architecture	1089795X
61.	Jisuanji Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Computers	Hardware and Architecture	2544164
62.	Journal of Computer Science and Technology	Hardware and Architecture	10009000
63.	Parallel Computing	Hardware and Architecture	1678191
64.	Parallel Processing Letters	Hardware and Architecture	1296264
65.	International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems	Hardware and Architecture	1291564
66.	Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	8408688
67.	Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	8407789
68.	Proceedings – IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors	Hardware and Architecture	10636404
69.	Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development	Hardware and Architecture	10001239
70.	Microsystem Technologies	Hardware and Architecture	9467076
71.	Performance Evaluation Review	Hardware and Architecture	1635999
72.	Ad Hoc Networks	Hardware and Architecture	15708705
73.	IEEE Network	Hardware and Architecture	8908044
74.	Journal of High Speed Networks	Hardware and Architecture	9266801
75.	Journal of Network and Computer Applications	Hardware and Architecture	10848045
76.	Journal of Network and Systems Management	Hardware and Architecture	10647570
77.	Mobile Networks and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	1383469X
78.	Theory and Practice of Logic Programming	Hardware and Architecture	14710684
79.	Journal of Computer Security	Hardware and Architecture	0926227X
80.	Photonic Network Communications	Hardware and Architecture	1387974X
81.	Photonics and Nanostructures – Fundamentals and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	15694410
82.	International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, Proceedings	Hardware and Architecture	10636862
83.	Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems – ICPADS	Hardware and Architecture
84.	Proceedings – Symposium on Computer Arithmetic	Hardware and Architecture
85.	Proceedings of the ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems	Hardware and Architecture
86.	Proceedings – Real-Time Systems Symposium	Hardware and Architecture
87.	Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing	Hardware and Architecture
88.	International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems – ASPLOS	Hardware and Architecture
89.	Proceedings of the Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, WET ICE	Hardware and Architecture	15244547
90.	ITNOW	Hardware and Architecture	17465702
91.	Journal of Grid Computing	Hardware and Architecture	15707873
92.	Pervasive and Mobile Computing	Hardware and Architecture	15741192
93.	ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	15516857
94.	ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems	Hardware and Architecture	15504832
95.	Foundations and Trends in Electronic Design Automation	Hardware and Architecture	15513939
96.	ACM Transactions on Storage	Hardware and Architecture	15533077
97.	NEC Technical Journal	Hardware and Architecture	18805884
98.	Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture	Hardware and Architecture	19353235
99.	IEEE Computer Architecture Letters	Hardware and Architecture	15566056
100.	Synthesis Lectures on Communication Networks	Hardware and Architecture	19354185
101.	IET Computers and Digital Techniques	Hardware and Architecture	17518601
102.	International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing	Hardware and Architecture	17438225
103.	International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	17427185
104.	Service Oriented Computing and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	18632386
105.	Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems	Hardware and Architecture	15399087
106.	Journal of Signal Processing Systems	Hardware and Architecture	19398018
107.	International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining	Hardware and Architecture	15483924
108.	International Journal of Electronic Government Research	Hardware and Architecture	15483886
109.	Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization	Hardware and Architecture	15443566
110.	International Journal of Embedded Systems	Hardware and Architecture	17411068
111.	Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing	Hardware and Architecture	16876172
112.	International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications	Hardware and Architecture	1751648X
113.	IEEE Transactions on Services Computing	Hardware and Architecture	19391374
114.	International Journal of Information and Computer Security	Hardware and Architecture	17441765
115.	International Journal of System of Systems Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	17480671
116.	International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture	Hardware and Architecture	17516528
117.	International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing	Hardware and Architecture	16877195
118.	International Journal of Automation and Control	Hardware and Architecture	17407516
119.	International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies	Hardware and Architecture	19473532
120.	IEEE Design and Test	Hardware and Architecture	21682356
121.	International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology	Hardware and Architecture
122.	International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation	Hardware and Architecture	20395086
123.	IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine	Hardware and Architecture	21622248
124.	IEEE Internet of Things Journal	Hardware and Architecture	23274662
125.	IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing	Hardware and Architecture	21687161
126.	Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques	Hardware and Architecture
127.	Frontiers of Information Technology and Electronic Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	20959184
128.	Journal of Engineering (United States)	Hardware and Architecture	23144904
129.	Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility	Hardware and Architecture	22451439
130.	Journal of Big Data	Hardware and Architecture
131.	Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research	Hardware and Architecture	20832567
132.	Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science	Hardware and Architecture	25024752
133.	Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal	Hardware and Architecture
134.	Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering	Hardware and Architecture	14514869
135.	International Journal of Computing	Hardware and Architecture	17276209
136.	Digital Communications and Networks	Hardware and Architecture	24685925
137.	Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics	Hardware and Architecture	20893191
138.	Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics	Hardware and Architecture
139.	Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	Hardware and Architecture	19853157
140.	Electronics (Switzerland)	Hardware and Architecture
141.	ICT Express	Hardware and Architecture
142.	International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications	Hardware and Architecture	9752293
143.	Supercomputing Frontiers and Innovations	Hardware and Architecture	24096008
144.	Radioelektronika, Nanosistemy, Informacionnye Tehnologii	Hardware and Architecture	22183000
145.	IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking	Hardware and Architecture
146.	Journal of Cybersecurity	Hardware and Architecture
147.	International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems	Hardware and Architecture	18476996
148.	International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism	Hardware and Architecture	19473435
149.	ACM Transactions on Parallel Computing	Hardware and Architecture	23294949
150.	Frontiers in ICT	Hardware and Architecture
151.	IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits	Hardware and Architecture
152.	Software-Intensive Cyber-Physical Systems	Hardware and Architecture	25248510
153.	ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems	Hardware and Architecture	23763639
154.	ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems	Hardware and Architecture	2378962X
155.	IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing	Hardware and Architecture
156.	Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies	Hardware and Architecture
157.	Radioelectronic and Computer Systems	Hardware and Architecture	18144225

list of best Hardware and Architecture journals

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